Вопрос школьника
Present Perfect Simple and Continuous – Настоящее завершенное простое и длительное
We use the Present Perfect Simple to talk about
Ответ от учителя
an action or event that happened at an unspecified time in the past, but has a connection to the present. This connection can be a result, a consequence, or a continuing effect of the past action or event. For example, «I have lost my keys» implies that the speaker does not have their keys now, and may need to find them or get a replacement. The Present Perfect Simple is formed with the auxiliary verb «have» or «has» and the past participle of the main verb.
We use the Present Perfect Continuous to talk about an action or event that started in the past and is still ongoing or has just finished. This tense emphasizes the duration or progress of the action or event, rather than the result or completion. For example, «I have been studying for three hours» implies that the speaker is still studying or has just finished, and may need a break or some feedback. The Present Perfect Continuous is formed with the auxiliary verb «have» or «has» and the present participle of the main verb, with the -ing ending.
Both tenses can be used with time expressions such as «just», «already», «yet», «ever», «never», «before», «since», «for», «recently», «lately», «so far», «up to now», «until now», «this week», «this year», etc. They can also be used with adverbs of frequency such as «always», «often», «sometimes», «rarely», «never», etc. However, the Present Perfect Simple is more common with adverbs of completion such as «already», «just», «yet», «ever», «never», «before», while the Present Perfect Continuous is more common with adverbs of duration such as «for», «since», «this week», «this year».
The choice between the Present Perfect Simple and Continuous depends on the context and the speaker’s intention. If the speaker wants to emphasize the result or completion of the action or event, they may use the Present Perfect Simple. If the speaker wants to emphasize the duration or progress of the action or event, they may use the Present Perfect Continuous. If the speaker wants to compare or contrast two actions or events, they may use both tenses in the same sentence. For example, «I have been studying English for three years, but I have never visited an English-speaking country.»
